Macbeth Macbeth - 1411 Words

Peter Klimek Mrs. Moeller Macbeth Rough Draft 3/7/16 Ambitionz Az Macbeth Macbeth is a character in a play by Shakespeare with a tragic flaw. He had a quick rise to power and shortly after that a fall. Macbeth’s tragic downfall is a consequence of his vaulting ambition which is fueled by greed, fear and arrogance. Lady Macbeth and the three witches also have a major key in influencing his emotions. They manipulated the emotions he felt so he acted more rashly on them. Macbeth was a guy that could have been destined for greatness, but he made some bad decisions and that is what started his downfall. Macbeth possessed his ambition long before he was driven into tyranny. Before killing Duncan Macbeth was a great soldier and leader on the battlefield earning the title Thane of Cawdor honestly. He even saved Duncan’s son, Malcolm, from being captured by the enemy army. In the beginning of the play, Macbeth’s conscience was still honest, but that was soon to change. After his heroism at the battle against the Irish, Macb eth and Banquo walk into some witches. The three witches call Macbeth the Thane of Glamis, the Thane of Cawdor and the future king. Macbeth is confused because he does not know that Duncan named him the Thane of Cawdor after the original one betrayed him. Macbeth also thinks that the idea of being the future king sounds good and he likes it. The witches vanish and Ross and Angus enter. Ross tells Macbeth that he is now the Thane of Cawdor because theShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Essays : Macbeth 1064 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth Analytical Essay In life, there are two types of people: those who do the right thing and those who don’t. In the play Macbeth, by Shakespeare, the main character Macbeth is given a prophecy by three witches that says he will become king; however, there is no descending line of kings of his own blood. With the knowledge of the Witches’ prophecy, Macbeth’s ambition, and manipulation from his wife, Lady Macbeth, Macbeth is quickly dragged into a never-ending, bloody murder rampage to obtainRead MoreMacbeth - Imagery in Macbeth1331 Words   |  6 Pagesart of making images, the products of imagination. In the play Macbeth Shakespeare applies the imagery of clothing, darkness and blood. (listed from least to most), Each detail is his imagery, it seems to contain an important symbol of the play. Symbols that the reader must understand if they are to interpret either the passage or the play as a whole. Within the play Macbeth the imagery of clothing portrays that Macbeth is seeking to hide his disgraceful self from his eyes and othersRead MoreMacbeth864 Words   |  4 Pagesimagination. In any piece of literature, imagery plays a significant role in illustrating the characters. In the play, Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are developed through the use of clothing, sleep, and blood imagery. Through the use of clothing imagery, Shakespeare exposes and develops the character of Macbeth. In the beginning, Macbeth is seen as loyal soldier of King Duncan. When presented with the title of Thane of Cawdor, he says Why do you dressRead MoreMacbeth1700 Words   |  7 PagesThe Loyalty of Masculinity In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth the main theme of loyalty is explored throughout the play by main characters. Loyalty can be defined as faithfulness or unwavering devotion to a person or cause. Duncan, Banquo, Macduff and Macbeth are all essential characters who are given opportunities to express their loyalty, however it is the different ways in which these characters choose to be loyal or disloyal that shape the play as a whole. It is the character’s loyalty and/orRead MoreMacBeth867 Words   |  4 Pagesart, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou art promised. Yet for I fear thy nature; It is too full o’th’ milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way† (Shakespeare 1.5.12-15). Lady Macbeth is the bad influence Macbeth has in his life that persuades him into killing King Duncan and rushes into being King. Before Macbeth became paranoid after the brutal death of King Duncan, he was a worthy captain of the kings army. â€Å"The service and the loya lty I owe in doing it pays itself. Your Highness’ part isRead MoreMacbeth1038 Words   |  5 Pageswith it?  Would you do  right or wrong? To ignore the premonitions  or to go ahead,  knowing that if you do go ahead you would  destroy the natural order? This is what Macbeth had to solve within himself,  his internal conflict. Ladies and Gentlemen, an overriding theme of conflict is established within William Shakespeare’s tragic play â€Å"Macbeth†. Conflict. What is conflict? We simply define conflict as the struggle between opposite forces or different opinions between people. Though it doesn’t always haveRead MoreMacbeth739 Words   |  3 PagesSynopsis Macbeth  is a play about a Scottish nobleman who learns, from a prophecy given to him by three witches, that he is to become king. When Macbeths ambition overcomes his moral judgement, he assassinates the reigning king and fulfils the prophecy. In doing so, however, he undermines his own rule with insecurity - insecurity he created when he upset the natural succession to the throne. Beheaded in battle, Macbeths death allows the rightful heir to reclaim the throne and order is restoredRead MoreMacbeth2576 Words   |  11 PagesGolden Macbeth * Do you sympathize with Macbeth? Why or why not? Considering whether or not to feel sympathy for Macbeth can be based upon whether or not you think Macbeth has any control of his own destiny. If you think of Macbeth as a pawn in his own game, then you can feel sympathy. He is controlled by the witches, who promise him the crown, at exactly the right time when he has just been promoted to Thane of Cawdor. The witches give him something else to strive for. Macbeth is alsoRead MoreMacbeth1388 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth: Character Analysis The Tragedy of Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is about a soldier, Macbeth, and his friend, Banquo, who meet up with three strange witches who share prophecies with the two men. Macbeth is told that he will become king someday and rule the land of Scotland. The rest of the play follows the actions of once a loyal soldier turned into a greedy king, who seeks to hold the crown forever no matter what the consequences may be. Throughout the play Macbeth displays himselfRead MoreMacbeth757 Words   |  4 Pagesat me† Macbeth to Banquo’s ghost. â€Å"This is the very painting of your fear† Lady Macbeth to her husband. â€Å"Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble†. Witches (4.1.1) Images of disguise and concealment (appearance vs reality): â€Å"Look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under’t† Lady Macbeth, 1, 5 â€Å"False face must hide what the false heart doth know† Macbeth, 1,7 â€Å"There’s daggers in men’s smiles. The near in blood, the nearer bloody† Donalbain 2, 3. Macbeth tells

What Do Benjamin Franklin - 1283 Words

What do Benjamin Franklin, Charles Dickens, Paul Revere, Louisa May Alcott, Clara Barton, Charles Darwin, Frank Lloyd Wright, Abigail and John Adams, and Alexander Graham Bell have in common? Every one of these renowned men and women was a Unitarian or a Universalist. The Unitarian Universalist religion began as two separate religions: the Universalist Church of America, founded in 1793, and the American Unitarian Association, founded in 1825. Unitarianism originated in Poland, Transylvania and England, and then later developed in New England. Unitarians rejected the existence of the Holy Trinity and did not consider themselves a Christian denomination. Universalism formed after a divide between Baptist and Congregationalist churches that†¦show more content†¦Although Unitarian Universalism is not a conventional religion centered around the belief in a God, society has benefitted greatly from Unitarians over the years. The unrivaled inclusiveness of the Unitarian religion has given rise to their many significant contributions to society that include advocating for racial rights, women’s rights, and gay rights. Although the majority of progressive people see Unitarianism as a beneficial religion with principles that drive Unitarians to have a positive impact on society, there are others who do not share this view. Some people believe that an association such as Unitarianism which is not centered around the belief in a God could not possibly be an ethical religion and therefore does not benefit society. Many outsiders believe that a â€Å"religion† which welcomes atheists, Christians, Jews and Muslims (to name just a few of the religions that make up Unitarianism) cannot by definition be ethical. Extreme Muslims for instance are only accepting of those who believe that Allah is the only God. Additionally, many of the alleged â€Å"contributions† to society made by Unitarians, such as gay rights and reproductive rights, are controve rsial in the eyes of other religions. One of Unitarianism’s main contributions to society comes in the form of their advocacy for racial equality both inside and outside of their congregations. During the 1965 Selma Marches in Alabama, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. reached out toShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of A Beautiful Mantelpiece Sat An Unusual Bust Of One Jane Austen1357 Words   |  6 Pagesvirtues that are taken up by Benjamin Franklin in his life to achieve earthly and heavenly success. Malsbary adds onto this study of virtues by taking a close look at one virtue in particular. â€Å"Virtue† has come through history, changing in some ways and staying the same in other ways. Many people have seen virtues as the way to complete the life of man. Homer saw virtue as that which fulfilled the social role the each man was born to take. Virtue was to do what one ought to do in their stature of lifeRead MoreEssay on Benjamin Franklin Gender Roles965 Words   |  4 Pagesthe story of a young man coming of age and finding success in the world and the story of a young woman coming of age and failing to do so. In either book, what gender roles prevailed?† In The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, we are reading the path that one man took to go from a middle class child to a well respected adult. Benjamin Franklin created what we know today as the American dream. Today we understand the American dream to be that one can go from rags to riches with a littleRead MoreBenjamin Franklins Red Jacket Defends Native American Religion770 Words   |  4 Pages384 BC and even in today’s era where it is used by political leaders, spokesmen, etc. In a document written by Benjamin Franklin â€Å"Benjamin Franklin: Remarks concerning the Savages of North America† and in Red Jacket’s speech â€Å"Red Jacket Defends Native American Religion, 1805.† Ethos, logos, and pathos, along with other rhetorical devices are used by both Red Jacket and Benjamin Franklin, which is very important and can help with informing people, and even persuading them into side with a person duringRead MoreBenjamin Franklins Arriving at Per fection Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesPerfection? Can any one person be perfect? Benjamin Franklin believed that he could accomplish this task. Benjamin Franklin was known for being a cognizant and diligent perfectionist. During his lifetime, many people were concerned with correcting themselves of any fault that they may have had. Benjamin Franklin did have an interesting way to proclaim how he, could show everyone how to be perfect. He believes that he can make himself perfect. Even though his ways of being perfect are not the sameRead More Benjamin Franklin Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesBenjamin Franklin was born on Milk Street in Boston on January 17th, 1706. His father was Josiah Franklin, a candle and soap maker. His mother was Abiah Folger and she was Josiahs second wife. Benjamin Franklin was the youngest son of 17 children. Benjamin attended Boston Latin School for two years but did not graduate because of lack of money; however he continued his education by reading grea t quantities. His parents wanted him to go into the church, however at age 10 his schooling ended and heRead MoreBenjamin Franklin s Accomplishments And Accomplishments Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pages As a founding father of the United States, Benjamin Franklin had a profound and noteworthy influence on the early growth of his nation. Franklin was a prestigious author and inventor that grasped the motive to grow the economy to new heights. His autobiography is an accurate representation of his achievements and the intrinsic motivations that made him the man we think of today. Although it is biased because he writes it only through his eyes, the reader can see the differences he made to theRead MoreBenjamin Franklin s Theory Of Life And Learning1433 Words   |  6 PagesBenjamin Franklin is known as a founding father, a self-made man, and a genius by historians around the world. These descriptors can be attributed to the fact that, while he never had a strong formal education, F ranklin challenged himself at every point of his life. He was full of curiosity, and had an unstoppable drive to succeed. In addition, Franklin’s autobiography, and many of his beliefs, still remain relevant today. James Dillon, in his article â€Å"A Wonder Based Approach to Life and LearningRead MoreBenjamin Franklin, the Father of Foreign Diplomacy Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pagesfreedom was the diplomatic travels of Benjamin Franklin. His travels to England and France set the foundation for the dealings in foreign diplomacy that are still in effect today. Without Benjamin Franklins wisdom, knowledge and courage to address Kings and Parliament on the behalf of the colonies, the American government, as we know it would not exist. Benjamin was born January 17, 1706 in Boston, Massachusetts the 15th of 17 children. His father, Josiah Franklin was a soap and candle maker andRead MoreThe Workings Of Greatness. Benjamin Franklin Started Writing1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Workings of Greatness Benjamin Franklin started writing â€Å"The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin† at age 65 in the year 1771. Benjamin Franklin was the fifteenth out of seventeen children his father had (having married two different women). He was the youngest son, having only two sisters under him. In this book â€Å"The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin†, Franklin, because of the time by which he lived and wrote the book, uses very formal diction. Furthermore, it appears he has a sense of humorRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Benjamin Franklin1367 Words   |  6 PagesMatthew Matheny HIST 2020 A.P. Tammy Prater 23 November 2014 Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is a detailed account of the illustrious experiences of Benjamin Franklin. Though the cultural differences in writing has changed since the 18th century one can learn a lot about one of America’s greatest forefathers through this book. It accounts for Franklin’s life when he was born January 17th, 1706 till the year 1757. Unfortunately, he died in 1790 and was never able to finish

Cloud Computing and Security Issues In The Cloud

Question: Describe about the Cloud Computing And Security Issues In The Cloud? Answer: Introduction A cloud computing can be defined as an on-demand computing model consisting of independent, networked IT (software or hardware or both) resources. Cloud service provider offers clouds with a predefined quality of the service terms through the web of Internet as a set of scalable, autonomous, easy and inexpensive on demand computing model services to the interested clients on a time bound subscription basis. Consumers benefits of migrating to the cloud computing is reduced cost, no installation/upgrade hassles, reduced setup time and higher scalability among others. This structure gives consumers the added flexibility to scale up/down in response to the market fluxes. For example, a business come in the market with a new website which might be initially not known to the customers, but in time becomes widely held with hundreds of thousands of visitors and requests per day. The business owner can request for an upgrade in service at minimum time and without investing huge in the up grad ation hardware. (Qusay F. Hassan, Faculty of Computers Information, Mansoura University, Egypt) According to a report of Business system news analysis for finance and IT professional top cloud vendors are seeing a growth of 90% per annum. Cloud security services revenue is expected to reach 4 bn USD by the year end 2016 from 2 bn that was in last year. And, according to a report by Nicole Henderson, sensitive data leaks cost average organizations $1.9 million, and this suggests the fast growing concerns in the area of cloud security. One reason of the concern is the growing number of attacks from hackers who can find a huge amount of data coming from different organizations but available in a single cloud infrastructure. There have been examples of attacks happening on huge cloud services like dropbox where attackers were able to retrieve the sensitive personal information of employees. However in spite of these attacks elevating concerns, most organizations still make use of multiple cloud services for their business operations. This report suggests this importance of development of security measures and policies by organizations. The paper attempts to understand more about the types of attacks and security strategies that can be used to prevent such attacks. Critical Analysis Threats in Cloud Computing Without any doubt it can be said that businesses can reap huge assistances from cloud computing but along with these advantages, there are some potential threats as well such as: Data Breaches: This includes potential loss of personal information such as through credit card which currently is one of the major concerns in security of cloud computing infrastructure. Data Loss: Data loss might occur when a disk or hard drive crashes without its owner having already created a backup. It can also happen if the owner of encrypted data loses the key which unlocks it. Account or Service Traffic Hijacking: Exploitation or phishing of software vulnerabilities like buffer overflow attacks, and often loss of credentials may lead to the loss of control over accounts of a user. An intruder who has got control over a user account can manipulate data, snoop on transactions, provide false and often damaging responses to its customers, and he can also readdress customers to an inappropriate or competitor's site (Sen, 2009). Insecure APIs: The cloud computing has brought the contradiction of often trying to make services available to masses while restrictive any damage all these anonymous users may cause to the service. The answer has been a public facing application programming interface, or API, that describes how a 3rd party connects an application to the service and provide confirmation that the 3rd party making the application, is actually who he claims he is. Denial of Service: Denial of service attack is an old nemesis of an online operations, but it still remain threat as it has always been. For cloud computing customers, "facing a denial of service occurrence is more like being caught in heavy traffic, there's not much to reach to your destination and nothing can be done about it except ideally sit and keep waiting." Malicious Insiders: Malicious insiders may look like a common threat. If this exists inside a large organization, the hazards are many fold exaggerated. One tactic cloud customers can use to protect themselves is to always keep their encryption keys in their premises and not in the cloud(Australian Government Department of Defence, 2012). Abuse of Cloud Services: Cloud computing brings significant, flexible services to enterprise users and also for the hackers. Hackers may use cloud servers to serve malware, distribute pirated software or launch attacks. Insufficient Due Diligence: there are good chances that expectations will not matched between service provider and customers. How will responsibility be divided? What are pledged obligations for each party? How much transparency a customer can expect from the provider when there happens to be an incident? (Charles Babcock, 2014) Figure 1: Cloud infrastructure (Monjur Ahmed and Mohammad Ashraf Hossain, 2014) Cloud Security Risks The very nature of cloud computing is the key to the problem of cloud security. Basically the pain area is that critical data can be moved out outside the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rewall and given over to the cloud services provider which provides storage and the access. There are a number of security risks supplementary to the cloud computing which must be effectively addressed. For instance, in a public cloud distribution, a customer relinquishes control to the cloud service provider over a number of issues which may severely affect security. Yet cloud service agreements may not offer any assurance to resolve such issues on the part of the cloud supplier which leaves gaps in security emplacements. A way this problem can be resolved is to split the responsibility of security between the customer and the service provider, with the possibility for vital parts of the fortifications to be left unchecked if there is a letdown to allocate accountability clearly depending on the cloud computing model in use. Another challenge in cloud security is the level and reliability of Authentication and authorization that is used to keep away notorious unauthorized users. The fact that sensitive cloud resources can be retrieved from anywhere on the Internet increases the need to establish with certainty the identity of a user, which can very well include contractors, employees, customers and partners. The level of authorization should not just protect the company resources and data from outsiders but often from insiders as damage can also be caused by the mischievous actions of people working in the organization if they have the access and authorizations. This is most often compounded in the cloud computing environment since such activity may occur within either or both the customer business and the provider organization. Further, the resources utilized in a cloud computing model are spread across and most often are publically accessible. With Shared and multi-tenancy resources being defining features of any public cloud computing, the risk of failure of instruments including routing, memory, storage can be another challenge. Any failure from the side of cloud service provider an have a direct impact on the performance of the client organization. Several of these failures can also cause vulnerability to attacks like guest hopping. Security risks can be on higher side, if the service providers do not carry necessary certifications. The cloud customers investment in realizing certification, such as in case of establishing compliance with industry standards or regulatory necessities, may be lost if the cloud provider cannot provide adequate evidence of their own agreement with the relevant necessities, or does not permit audits by the cloud customer. It is important to be careful while choosing right vendor for the organization as once a service provider is chosen, there is a vendor-lock in period in which the company would not have any alternative choice but to stick with existing services even in case the vendor is unable to provide reliable security. Thus, concerns of security do not begin after the cloud is deployed but even before a decision can be taken on choosing appropriate business model and the service provider. The interfaces used by management for accessing cloud applications and resources also pose very high risks, especially users are connected with the remote access through web browser that are vulnerable to attacks from hackers. Here, vendor facilities and capabilities play an important role both in terms of provision of inter-operatabilities between different interfaces and protection of the data running over these interfaces. Once a system is hacked or interrupted by an unauthorized user with bad intensions, several of the problems can occur and can disrupt the process flow in the victim organization causing risks such as service unavailability caused by network failure, unauthentic data deletion, and other issues that can cause a complete business failure(Cloud Standards Customer Council, 2015). Managing Security over Cloud As already discussed that a split of responsibility for security between the service provider and company using cloud infrastructure for running their network applications can make the security management practices both simpler and efficient, it would be worthwhile to identify specific responsibilities that both sides can carry to establish complete security practices that enhance the levels of protection for the organization. Responsibilities of Service Provider The detection, reporting and subsequent managing of security breaches may be deputized to the cloud provider, but these incidents, to a greater degree, impacts the customer. Notification rules can thus be negotiated in the cloud service agreement so that customers are not caught unaware or informed with an undesirable delay(Suri Nath, 2010). This would assist the cloud client with appropriate split of responsibility and clear understanding of what all can be expected from service provider in terms of maintaining and addressing security concerns of cloud technology. When it comes to taking measures on service providers part they can take make use of data encryption to ensure safety in cloud computing, which means that data can be encrypted before it is stored in the server. Major Service providers like Google, Yahoo, Microsoft have already achieved 100% data encryption or are in the process of achieving this. Other players like Sonic.net, Dropbox and SpiderOak, have also announced comparable data encryption programs. Other important technologies most often used by the service providers are Firewall, Anti-Virus and Anti- malware, Patch Management, Log management. Responsibilities of Client organization A secure cloud computing is not only service providers responsibility it is also clients responsibility to ensure safety on their part. With employees, business partners, customers, suppliers and contractors very increasingly accessing corporate applications and data, it is very imperative that they implement strict guidelines and ensure security in the cloud. Limiting the access to users based on context can be one way to assure that unauthorized access is not faced within the organization by misuse of the authentication features by employees. The levels of access can also be conditional and based on where the user is, and what device is in use. For instance, if someone is tries to access data from an internet caf, there should be supplementary sign-on steps and have limited access to the data. The organizational resources and data are confidential and each action within organization can count and can have some level of impact on security and thus, the company should have those systems in place that have the capabilities to understand who is accessing network and accessing what. People within the business who are confidential users, such as database supervisors and also employees with access to highly valuable intellectual property should receive an increased level of scrutiny, receive training on handling data, securely and stronger acce ss control. For instance, a user when known to be using a mobile device for applications, the devices are required to be checked for vulnerabilities. An added protection can be achieved through deployment of intelligence in the network defense devices such that it can provide an extra control with analytics and awareness into which users are accessing and what content and applications. This layer of intelligence would provide real-time visibility into the both the cloud infrastructure and the data center(Marchany, 2010). Cloud services allow organizations to run cloud based applications that can be critical to the working of an organization. In traditional business models, business applications have, been protected with defense in-depth security solutions based on a clear segregation of physical and virtual resources, within trustworthy zones but with the allocation of infrastructure using the cloud, the organization needs to rethink perimeter security at the network level, and should be applying more controls at the user end, application and data level. It is a big challenge to ensure same level of user access and defense mechanism must be applied to workloads deployed in cloud services as compared to those running in traditional data centers. This necessitates creating and running workload centric policies as well as executing central management across distributed workload instances(Ahmed Hossain, 2014). A major concern with the use of applications over cloud is the protection of data that is retrieved and shared between the infrastructure resources. The data that belongs to the client organization can be sensitive and thus, its loss can bring a huge concern for the organization. It can be difficult for the cloud service customer to effectively check the data handling follows of the cloud provider. This problem is worsened in cases of multiple transfers of data, like between federated cloud services or where a cloud supplier uses subcontractors. Visibility of the cloud services for appropriate IT audit can be an appropriate way to protect data and applications of the organization as it would keep the security systems always on check. For this, the security personnel needs to have an understanding Cloud Standards Customer Council laws, regulations and policies may apply to such uses, and regularly assess the security aspects of such uses. Traditional security measures may not sufficient to protection data and applications running over cloud and thus, additional protection measures may be required. The data shared over a cloud application has to be protected at all levels while it is in use, in storage and in transit. The cloud based services make it easy for users to gain access to systems through multiple devices such as smartphones and iPads and thus, protection needs are required to be addressed across platforms and devices. However, the challenge lies in incremental costs that are incurred in attempts to improve security that is omni-present and the organizations can only afford the required levels of security if they incremental cost can oà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬set the commercial beneà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ts. Here, a filtering can be done such that the security solutions are chosen based on the kinds of attacks organization is likely to face. Also, applications and infrastructure can also be divided such that each of them is provided with different levels of security based on different types of attacks faced. With this selective approach, the costs can be minimized for the organization. Attackers can be weak including those semi-skilled attackers who direct specific servers or cloud providers by customizing existing publicly available tools or specific targets using radical methods or random attackers who use simple techniques and the tools targeting most susceptible components in a network through well-known tools or techniques that can be easily detected. Protection from such attacks is easier and less costly for the organization and thus, the applications and data that are likely to receive threats from such attackers can make use of simple and cost effective security solutions. Strong attackers can be well-financed, organized, and skilled groups of attackers with an internal hierarchy focusing in targeting particular applications and the users of the cloud. Generally this group will be a prearranged crime group focusing in large scale attacks. Also, strong attackers not only easily detected by the organizations they attack, or by the relevant law enforcement and analytical organizations specializing in eCrime or cyber safety. Justifying this threat requires a very greater intelligence on attacks and specialist resources in response to uncovering of an incident or threat. (Jaydip Sen- 2015) Conclusions Responses to the problem of security in the cloud computing varies all the way from ignoring the issue to clinging so tightly to out-of-date IT security methods and philosophies as to ban cloud services completely. Companies that have proficient compliance and governance problems, or outright data breaches, often exercise added scrutiny of the process. And its a very justià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ able concern. Signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cant security breaches can unpleasantly aà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ect a companys standing for years, occasioning in lost current and future revenues, low customer conà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ dence, legal liability and a poor public image. Cloud computing characterizes a major prospect for corporates to provide superior à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡exibility and value to the business at the same time, saving money as well. Yet safety will always be a concern when significant info assets are not anymore under direct control. An appropriate cloud security program will make available business managers with fact-ba sed and concrete solutions, to support their business needs and will allow them to appreciate the beneà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ts of the cloud without keeping the company at undue risk of data loss or breaches. Such a program will definitely identify where the risks of transferring information assets into the cloud infrastructure are too high, which security management personals can very well put in place to minimize that risk to acceptable levels and whether the costs of those practices are reasonable by the beneà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ts integral to the cloud computing. The paper revealed a few of the measures which can be taken to provide protection in case cloud technology is in use by an organization and these included data access limitations, device security and network protection intelligence. An appropriate method may be chosen based on the types of attackers that have be dealt by a network from random, weak, strong to substantial. References Ahmed, M., Hossain, M. A. (2014). CLOUD COMPUTING AND SECURITY ISSUES IN THE CLOUD. International Journal of Network Security Its Applications (IJNSA), 25-34. Australian Government Department of Defence. (2012). Cloud Computing Security Considerations. CYBER SECURITY OPERATIONS CENTRE. Carstensen, J., Morgenthal, J., Golden, B. (2012).Cloud Computing. Ely: IT Governance Publishing. Cloud Computing Security. (2012). Cloud Standards Customer Council. (2015). Security for Cloud Computing Ten Steps to Ensure Success. Cloud Standards Customer Council. Kazimov, T., Mahmudova, S. (2015). The Role of Biometric Technology in Information Security. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) , 1509-1513. Highland, H. (1997). Security in computing.Computers Security,16(3), 181. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(97)90261-3 IEEE Cloud Computing. (2013).IEEE Transactions On Cloud Computing,1(2), 230-230. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcc.2013.24 IEEE Cloud Computing Special Issue on Cloud Security. (2015).IEEE Cloud Comput.,2(5), c2-c2. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcc.2015.88 Krutz, R., Vines, R. (2010).Cloud security. Indianapolis, Ind.: Wiley Pub. Marchany, R. (2010). Cloud Computing Security Issues. Virginia Tech. Marks, E., Lozano, B. (2010).Executive's guide to cloud computing. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Pearson, S., Yee, G. (2013).Privacy and security for cloud computing. London: Springer. Rountree, D., Castrillo, I. (2014).The basics of cloud computing. Waltham, Mass.: Syngress. Sen, J. (2009). Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing. Kolkatta: Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. Sharma, A., Verma, N. K. (2012). CLOUD COMPUTING: INFRASTRUCTURE ITS SECURITY ISSUES. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 98-103. Sosinsky, B. (2011).Cloud computing bible. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley. Suri, J., Nath, B. (2010). Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing. New Delhi: TEC. Tajts, T. (2012).Cloud computing security. Lexington, KY: CreateSpace. Tari, Z. (2014). Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing.IEEE Cloud Comput.,1(1), 54-57. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcc.2014.20 Vacca, J. (2016).Cloud computing security. [Place of publication not identified]: Apple Academic Press Inc.

Concept of Unemployment

Question: Write an essay about the Unemployment. Answer: Concept of Unemployment: Unemployment is characterized as a situation when there is someone who belongs to the working age group and is actively searching for a job but is not able to find a job (Leduc and Liu 2012). The term unemployment sometimes is used as a health indicator of an economy. Unemployment rate is considered as the most suitable measure of unemployment. Unemployment can broadly be divided into a number of categories, such as demand lacking unemployment, structural unemployment, real wage caused unemployment, frictional unemployment and voluntary unemployment (Mankiw 2014). These are explained one by one below, Structural Unemployment: Structural Unemployment is considered as one of the major types of unemployment prevalent within an economic framework. It is strictly focused on the structural problems associated with an economy and the labor market inefficiencies. Structural unemployment is said to occur whenever the labor market is incapable of providing jobs to each and every person who is seeking employment (Tanveer et al. 2012). The mismatch between the skills that are possessed by the unemployed worker and the skill requirement of the vacant position gives rise to his structural unemployment. In order to provide an example, an instance can be considered. Such as whenever an economy is experiencing a long-term unemployment situation, it is quite evident that the skills of the individuals will become obsolete (Kapetanios et al. 2012). Therefore, whenever the economy recovers from the situation the skills of the labor may be unfit for the requirements of the new jobs because of their long term inactivity. Frictional Unemployment: Frictional Unemployment is characterized as another category of unemployment that can be found in an economy. It is defined as the time span between employments, that is when the individuals are searching for jobs or individuals are within a transitioning stage between one job to the other. According to Ostry et al. (2012), frictional unemployment is that type of unemployment, which is always present within an economy to some extent. The mismatch between the workers and the jobs gives rise to this frictional unemployment. The mismatch may be associated with payment, job satisfaction, working hours, location and many more. The frictional unemployed is determined by the individual assessment of the work or service provided by the individuals compared with the current wage rate that he individuals receive (Blinder 2013). Cyclical Unemployment: Cyclical unemployment is said to occur when there is not sufficient aggregate demand present within an economy, which is necessary to offer jobs to everyone who is looking for recruitment. Within an economy whenever the demand for goods fall, production is reduced and need for workers is reduced (Christiano et al. 2013). Hence, when there is cyclical unemployment within an economy quantity of unemployed workers is larger than that of the number of recruitment opportunities. Concept of Inflation: Inflation refers to situation whenever there is a continual rise in the general level of price within an economy. Therefore, price rises means an increase in the level of cost of living. In other words, inflation means a continual rise in the general level of price and thereby decreasing the purchasing power of the currency (Campbell et al. 2012). As inflation is not uniform across the economy during all the time, it can be distinguished in various types. The basic two types of inflation are demand-pull inflation and cost-push inflation. Demand Pull inflation: A boost in the level of collective demand above the intensity of available production gives rise to an increase in the price. This type of inflation termed as the demand-pull inflation. According to Treasury (2016), this rise in the level of aggregate demand is associated with money supply. If money supply within an economy overshoots the amount of available goods and services within an economy, demand-pull inflation arises. According to Gordon (2013), demand-pull inflation arises when too much money chases too few goods. Figure 1: Structural framework of Demand-Pull Inflation (Source: Created by Author) However, according to the Keynesian economists there may be an autonomous increase in the level of aggregate demand or aggregate spending. That is an increase in the consumption demand, level of investment or government expenditure or increase in net exports. Therefore, according to the classical economists demand-pull inflation is caused by monetary factors while according to the Keynesian economists it is caused by non-monetary factors (Johnston 2012). The demand-pull inflation can be explained with the help of the following diagram. In the diagram below, output is measured on the horizontal axis and price level is depicted by the vertical axis. In range 1, the total spending is much lower than that of the full employment output, YF. The price level increases nominally or negligibly (Leduc and Liu 2012). Therefore, there is an increase in the level of demand output will rise. Hence, the economy enters into the range 2, in range 2 output is nearly equal to the full employment condition. From this region onwards, price level starts to rise. Finally, the full employment situation is achieved in range 3, here the price level increases regardless the fact that output does not rise. This situation is characterized as the condition of demand pull inflation. Figure 2: Demand Pull Inflation (Source: Created by Author) Cost Push Inflation: An overall increase in the cost of production may give rise to inflation and this is popularly known as the cost-push inflation. The reasons behind an boost in the expenditure of production may be increase in the price of raw materials, labor wages etc. Sometimes trade unions are held responsible for increase in the remuneration rate (Watson 2014). Whenever there is an increase in the wage rate it is quite evident that the cost of production will increase and as a result price of the commodities will increase. In the case of cost-push inflation, a wage price spiral comes into action. However, firms are also blamed for this price rise at the same time as these firms simply increase price for raising their profit margins. Therefore, the cost-push inflation possesses two important components such as the wage push inflation and profit push inflation. Figure3: Structural framework of Cost-Push Inflation (Source: Created by Author) A.W. Phillips in the year 1958 first distinguished a tradeoff between inflation and unemployment and thereby formulated the famous Phillips Curve. This trade off is distinguished based on the simple assumption that whenever there is a fall in the level of unemployment, workers become able to push for increased wage rate. Now, firms try to shift this increased wage cost over the consumers, giving rise to an inflationary situation within the economy (Gaertner and Wenig 2012). The trade off as pointed out by Phillips suggests that the policymakers should focus on either low inflation rate or lower unemployment, however, not both. Therefore, according to Phillips, when unemployment decreases inflation increase on the contrary, when unemployment increases inflation decreases. The government of Singapore plays a crucial role in controlling the short run instability caused inflation and unemployment. The concept of Consumer Price Index (CPI) is used for measuring inflation. In Singapore, the consumer price index is comprised of more than 6500 brands of goods and services that are purchased commonly by the households. The components of consumer price index are often influenced by the cost associated with imported goods while on the other hand some other components are affected by pressure of domestic cost (Cleaver 2013). The government of Singapore has adopted a number of steps in order to mitigate the adverse effects of inflation. The Monetary authority of Singapore has allowed the dollar of Singapore to appreciate so that the economy can cope up with the increased prices of imports associated with food products and oil. In order to keep the prices of the processed food products in control, the National Environmental Agency (NEA) has decided to adopt certai n management models that will help to hold these costs at a lower level. In order to provide example an instance can be considered such as, a social cooperative like NTUC foodfare had been appointed for establishing the operability of the new Bukit Panjang Hawker Centre on a nonprofit basis (Cleaver 2013). In association with this the Retail Price Watch Group (RPWG), leaded by the Senior Minister of State for trade and Industry and National Development, monitors if there is any excessive rise in the price level of any food products or any other necessary goods. In the context of non prepared food products the Retail Price Watch Group has worked with the supermarkets, retailers, hawkers as well as various food courts for the promotion of availability of cheaper alternatives. Moreover, the RPMGs member of supermarket such as the NTUC Fair Price and Sheng Siong have held the lower prices of their home brand products for helping the consumers to cope up with the excessive price rises (Choudhry et al. 2013). On the other hand, the housing prices do not contribute in the CPI inflation. It is mainly concerned with the young families those yet do not own a house. In this context the Ministry of National Development has adopted necessary steps in order to boost the supply level of Boost to Order HDB flats along with the properties built for private residential purposes (Choudhry et al. 2013). The subsidies that are provided for the HDB flats are reviewed on a regular basis in order to ensure the affordability of public housing and that too especially for the buyers who are buying a house for the first time. Again, the government of Singapore has also adopted a number of demand management policies, which will in turn continue to monitor the market for housing quite closely. In order to manage the effects of tight labor market, the government of Singapore has adopted the policy of working with the unions and companies for raising the productivity. This can easily be achieved by improving the production process of the companies along with motivating the workers to enhance their productivity. If productivity is increased the firms will be able to increase the wage of the workers and will be able to deal with the higher costs associated with business, without passing the increased costs over the customers. The achievement of the government of Singapore is that, it has succeeded in maintaining the unemployment rate in the economy at a significantly lower rate of 2% since 2010. During 2013, it had gone further below to 1.9% (Choudhry et al. 2013). For maintaining this low level of unemployment, the government of Singapore has adopted a number of policies including demand side policies and supply side policies. Fiscal policies is one of the demand side policies and it can decrease unemployment by raising the aggregate demand and the rate of economic growth as well. The government has implemented expansionary fiscal policy to deal with the unemployment problem (Choudhry et al. 2013). It has reduced taxes and increased the government spending. Lowering of the taxes in turn increases the disposable income of the individuals and thereby induces the individuals to increase consumption. If there is an increase in the level of aggregate demand, real GDP will also increase. Therefore, the firms will increase production level and as a result demand for labor will also increase. Hence, this will help to reduce the demand deficient level of unemployment (Watson 2014). Supply side policies for dealing with the problem of unemployment have also been adopted by the government of Singapore. This includes educating and providing training to the individuals, providing employment subsidies and improving the geographical mobility as well. the government has provided training to the individuals so that they can find new jobs and develop their set of skills so as to meet with the newer requirements in the job. Again firms may sometime provide lower taxes for being employed for a longer duration (Watson 2014). Therefore, it can easily be said that the government of Singapore has played a significant role in controlling the adverse effects caused by unemployment and inflation. Reference List Blinder, A.S., 2013. Economic policy and the great stagflation. Elsevier. Campbell, J.R., Evans, C.L., Fisher, J.D., Justiniano, A., Calomiris, C.W. and Woodford, M., 2012. Macroeconomic effects of federal reserve forward guidance [with comments and discussion]. 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